TERMO L1

DEFINIÇÃO

CONTEXTO

TERMO L2

CONTEXTO

OBSER-

VAÇÒES

Apse (n)

A  projecting part of a building, especially of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy. (S37)

“…The Church is somewhat peculiar in plan owing in some measure to the shape of the site; it has a nave, transepts and chancel terminated by a semi-circular apse...” (S40)

Abside (sf)

“...A igreja era construída em forma de "T"; a linha vertical consistia de uma nave, flanqueada de modo geral por duas ou mais naves laterais. Uma abside - nicho semicircular e abobadado (comumente situado na extremidade oriental da igreja) - continha o altar-mór.

(S41)

Arch (n)

A usually curved member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; they are used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are segmental, round (i.e. semicircular), or pointed.(S37)

“...Originally there existed a lane from High-street to an arch on the southern side of the church, and through this arch there was passage under the ...”

(S42)

Arco (sm)

“...Divisão da abóbada gótica. Os arcos ogivais (arcos cruzados em diagonal) distribuem o peso da abóbada, tornando-a com isso mais leve...” (S43)

Arch, parabolic (n+a)

An arch that relates to, resembles, or has the form of a parabola

(ADE)

“The use of parabolic, as opposed to pointed or semicircular arches, was also to be characteristic of Gaudí, who chose them for their static quality, not just because of their novel profile.”(HWA)

Arco parabólico

(s+a)

“O arco parabólico é o que se parece
com a parábola ou com a catenária.” (S19)

Arch, pointed (n+a)

An arch that ends in a point or sharp angle.(AD)

“The use of parabolic, as opposed to pointed or semicircular arches, was also to be characteristic of Gaudí, who chose them for their static quality, not just because of their novel profile.”(HWA)

Arco ogival (s+a)

“O arco ogival ou em ponta é típico do estilo gótico e permitia sustentar abóbadas elevadas.” (S18)

Art nouveau (n)

French for "The New Art." An art movement and style of decoration and architecture of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, characterized particularly by the depiction of leaves and flowers in undulating lines, often flowing vines. (S1)

“...The openings in the first and second floors have balconies made in forged iron, as it is common in Catalan Art Nouveau...” (S81)

Art nouveau (sm)

“...Na verdade, Gaudí se insere em um movimento artístico e arquitetônico conhecido como Art Nouveau, cujos detalhes exprimiam a preocupação com a beleza e a leveza sensual da natureza em formas estilizadas, modeladas em ferro, vidro e madeira...”(S5)

Portugal: arte nova.

Pode ser também utilizado com o artigo feminino (a art nouveau)

Artifice  (n)

1. Subtle but base deception; trickery. A character of Mannerist art. (S44)

“... That the great monuments of the Greeks were imitations in stone of earlier wooden temples makes the architecture that followed imitations of imitations. This artifice at the heart of classicism is it's strength...” (S45)

Artifício (sm)

“...Em minha palestra eu mostro como a propaganda usa táticas de superposição para desestabilizar o espaço entre o anúncio e o edifício como um artifício para chamar a atenção do observador...”

 ( S46)

Atrium (n)

An inner courtyard of a home or other building that is open to the sky or covered by a skylight.

(S39)

“...The atrium's indoor garden, which is larger than one-third of an acre, is roofed by a "space-frame" of glass pyramids ...”  (S47)

Átrio (sm)

“...A arquitetura singular, definida pelo prisma de vidro transparente que abriga o átrio, é o grande destaque do edifício Brigadeiro II...” (S48)

Balcony (n)

A  platform projecting from the wall of a building, usually resting on brackets or consoles, and enclosed by a parapet; for example as a balcony in front of a window. The term is also applied to a projecting gallery in places of amusement; for example the balcony in a theatre. (S37)

“...The iridescent mosaic tiles and undulating gallery gives the house a cheerful expression until one's eyes rise to the heavy wrought-iron balcony, which rises up like masks...” (S49)

Balcão (sm)

“...No andar superior, o balanço à esquerda é um balcão corrido contíguo ao jantar, o frontal se divide...” ( S50)

Baroque (a)

Of, relating to, or being a style of art and architecture prevalent from the latter part of the 16th century to the latter part of the 18th century, marked by dynamic opposition and energy, by the use of curved and plastic figures, and especially in its later phases by elaborate and sometimes grotesque ornamentation, and represented typically by the sculpture of Bernini and the painting of Rubens (WTN)

Many writers draw no distinction between the words rococo and baroque, which are far from synonymous— (WTN)

Barroco (a)

“.... Não fez parte de nenhuma escola. Foi buscar no simbolismo as referências da natureza, a ornamentação no Barroco e o sensual na Art Noveau. Teve um destino irônico, praticando o que acreditava...”

(S51)

Buttress (n)

A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the outward thrust of an arch, or for ornament and symmetry. When an external projection is used merely to stiffen a wall, it is called a pier, rather than a buttress. (S37)

“...rather than uniformly thickened. For a load-bearing brick wall more than 8 ft (2 m) high a buttress is used every 20 ft (6 m). The decorative possibilities of the buttress were discovered in the ancient temples at Abu Shahrein in Mesopotamia (3500–3000 B.C.), where they were used both as utilitarian and decorative forms...”

(S52)

Botaréu (sm)

“...que compreende um gracioso alpendre de quatro arcadas redondas e contrafortadas, nascendo do chamado botaréu angular sul, de andares, uma pequena escada de acesso ao campanário ...” (S53)

Ceramic tile  (n)

Any of a wide range of sturdy floor and wall tiles made from fired clay and set with grout. May be glazed or unglazed. Colors and finishes vary. May be used indoors or out.

( S39)

Modernist architects were much given to using ceramic tiles but the unprecedented structural systems Gaudí devised in order to be able to incorporate both natural and glazed tiles into his creations set him apart from the rest. (S54)

Azulejo (sm)

“... Gaudí trabalhava nela como quem faz um castelo de areia, salpicando detalhes e ignorando as linhas retas. Sempre usando material barato, como cacos de garrafas e pratos, azulejos e cerâmica...” (S55)

Chevet ( n)

The extreme end of the chancel or choir in a church; the term being properly used to describe the round or polygonal part. (S37)

“... The chevet of the church is semi-circular. As a whole the building it homogeneous and has much to fascinate the visitor. ..”  (S56)

Cabeceira (sf)

“...O que de mais importante resta da igreja é a cabeceira formada por capela-mor, cuja abóbada foi reconstruída, e quatro capelas secundárias intercomunicantes...”

(S57)

Chimneypot

(n)

A short earthenware or metal pipe that is placed on the top of a chimney in order to increase the draft. (MERL)

“The roofscape of the Palau Güell, forming an abstract sculptural composition with chimneypots and ventilators faced in coloured glass, tiles and mosaic, also set a precedent which Gaudí was often to follow.” (HWA)

Chaminé (sf)

“...Uma vez mais Gaudí recusa os ângulos e as esquinas e as chaminés assumem proporções ainda não experimentadas antes...”(S13)

Mais especifica-

mente, “cano de chaminé”

Colonnade (n)

A  row of columns, frequently covered with a roof projecting from an adjacent building. Colonnades were common in ancient Greece. When in front of a building, it is called a portico; when surrounding a building or an open court or square, it is called a peristyle. (S 37)

“...The exterior of the cupola is in three stages with a magnificent dome over a collonade of columns. The exterior portico is modelled on the Roman Pantheon and has ornate sculpture and 22 columns...’ (S58)

Colunata (sf)

"...estilos do passado. Assim, no Parque Güell há uma colunata dórica, na Casa Vicens, elementos hispano-árabes, etc...." (S59)

Variação: colunada

Courtyard (n)

An area of ground that is surrounded by buildings, lies inside a large building, or is adjacent to a building and enclosed by walls. (MERL)

“Gaudí had a freer hand in the much larger and more unified Casa Milá (1906-10), which he built round two nearly circular courtyards in the same street as the Casa Batló, the fashionable Paseo de Gracia.”(HWA)

Pátio (sm)

“É a estrutura do que era o quartel-general dos Cavaleiros de S. João, um grande conjunto de edifícios (cerca de 4.500 m2) com muralhas e inúmeras salas construídas em torno de um amplo pátio central aberto.” (S23)

Craftmanship (n)

The capacity to make or manufacture (an object, objects, product, etc.) with skill and careful attention to detail.(AD)

“…Art Nouveau architects who, in addition, shared the belief of men like Ruskin and Cuypers in the necessity of reviving craftsmanship.” (HWA)

Habilidade artesanal (s+a)

“Já houve o tempo em que se julgava arte pela habilidade artesanal e pela interferência das mãos do autor.”  (S7)

Cruciform (a)

Shaped like a cross

(MERL)

“The Sagrada Familia was begun in 1882 from designs by Francesc de Paula del Villar I Carmona as a conventional cruciform Gothic church.”(HWA)

Cruciforme (sm)

“Orientado a sul, o templo tem planta cruciforme, com o transepto semelhante às naves.” (S25)

Cupola (n)

A roof or ceiling in the form of a dome (MERL)

“The spacial variety and complexity of the interior(…), culminates in the central domed hall, which rises to the top of the building and is lit by a cupola lined with hexagonal tiles and punctuated with numerous small apertures like stars.” (HWA)

Cúpula (sf)

“...As características predominantes seriam a cúpula (parte superior e côncava dos edifícios) e a planta de eixo central, também chamada de planta de cruz grega (quatro braços iguais). A cúpula procurava reproduzir a abóbada celeste...” (S15)

Domed hall (a+n)

A large room or lobby that has a dome. (ADE)

“The spacial variety and complexity of the interior(…), culminates in the central domed hall, which rises to the top of the building and is lit by a cupola lined with hexagonal tiles and punctuated with numerous small apertures like stars.” (HWA)

Saguão abobadado

(s+a)

“As mais belas residências de estilo árabe encontram-se em todas as capitais do Mundo Árabe, entra-se sempre nessas casas por um saguão abobadado e estreito onde estão os criados, e em cujo extremo se desemboca num grande pátio.”  (S14)   

Doric column (a+n)

A Greek-style column that has a simple decoration around the top, usually a smooth or slightly rounded band of wood, stone or plaster. (S4)

“The principal building is the Greek Theatre, with tilted Greek Doric columns surmounted by an undulating entablature which, decorated with moulded ceramics, also serves as a bench terminating the roof terrace.”(HWA)

Coluna dórica (s+a)

“Ao contrário da coluna dórica, a jônica não assenta diretamente sobre patamares, mas tem uma base - plinto - que assume diversas formas.”  (S16)

Entablature

(n)

In classical architecture, the section that lies between the columns and the roof. It comprises, from bottom to top, the architrave, frieze, and cornice. (MERL)

“The principal building is the Greek Theatre, with tilted Greek Doric columns surmounted by an undulating entablature which, decorated with moulded ceramics, also serves as a bench terminating the roof terrace.”(HWA)

Entablamento

(sm)

“A escolha do estilo levou a uma composição dos alçados exteriores, simétricos dois a dois, onde se empregou a ordem dórica, sem caneluras no fuste, em pilastras monumentais que vencem os dois andares do edifício até o entablamento que o circunda.” (S17)

Façade (n)

The face of a building, especially the principal or front face showing its most prominent architectural features (MERL)

“The stone façade of the Casa Milá is enlivened with balconies of wrought iron tortured so as to resemble glistening bunches of seething seaweed, perhaps the most vivacious Art Nouveau metalwork anywhere”. (HWA)

Fachada

(sf)

“Compreende a fachada do edifício todas as suas partes externas
visíveis e também as não visíveis (frente, fundos e laterais).” (S22)

Finial (n)

A carved decoration at the top of a gable, spire, or arched structure. (MERL)

“In 1903-30 the Nativity transept, with its gables resembling stalactites, was completed with the addition of towers and openwork cone-shaped spires of astonishing height, crowned with tentacle-like finials of coloured broken tiling.” (HWA)

Remate (sm)

“No interior, a nave, do lado da Epístola, tem um púlpito com balaustrada
de madeira, suportado por uma mísula em granito com remate em volutas.” (S31)

Flying buttress (n)

It is a contrivance for taking up the thrust of a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally applied only to the straight bar with supporting arch. (S37)

“...The columns are not  vertical but near the top (shown) have an inward branching making a parabola that eliminates the need for flying buttresses...” (S61)

Arcobotante (sm)

“...a planta constitui uma reinterpretação dos modelos góticos, havendo colunas inclinadas que assumem o papel de arcobotantes; e, sobretudo, prevalece uma relação orgânica entre o interior e o exterior, conseguida mercê de originalíssimas soluções de problemas estruturais...” (S62)

Variação L1,

arcboutant ;

L2 arco botante

Gable (n)

The portion of the front or side of a building enclosed by or masking the end of a pitched roof. (RHW)

“...Its symmetry, balance and orderly rhythm are unusual for Gaudí's works. However, the curves and double gable at the top, the projecting oriel at the entrance--almost baroque in its drama, and isolated witty details are modernista elements. (S63)

Frontão (sm)

“...Em meio de quadra, a Casa Calvet (1898-99), de planta simples e quase simétrica, é animada sutilmente, de frente para a rua, pela rusticação da fachada pétrea com as sacadas e frontões curvos, enquanto a fachada s...” (S64)

Gothic (n)

General term for a style of architecture and ornament prevalent between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries, considered old-fashioned in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, characterised by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, and flying buttresses, and by grotesque decorations; when it came back into fashion in the mid-1700s, it was celebrated as a symbol of British patriotism. (S3)

“Antoni Gaudí began as a Gothic Revivalist but in his characteristically exuberant Casa Vicens (…) the railings and gates have an early Art Nouveau flavour.”(HWA)

Gótico (a)

“A arquitetura gótica se apoiava nos princípios de um forte simbolismo teológico, fruto do mais puro pensamento escolástico: as paredes eram a base espiritual da Igreja, os pilares representavam os santos, e os arcos e os nervos eram o caminho para Deus.” (S8)

Grille (n)

1 a : a grating (as of wrought iron, bronze, or wood) forming an often elaborate openwork barrier, screen, or cover (as to a door, window, or other opening)  (WTN)

“...The work stretched out for thirteen years due to lack of funds, until finally Jeroni Martorell was able to make the magnificent wrought-iron grille that closes the grotto...”

(S66)

Grade (sf)

“... No Brasil, o art nouveau chegou através da influência francesa, especialmente na decoração de interiores, grades e objetos de ferro forjado. A confeitaria Colombo, no centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, é um exemplo deste estilo...” (S67)

Grotesque 

(adj, n)

In art, a kind of ornament used in antiquity consisting of representations of medallions, sphinxes, foliage, and imaginary creatures.(S68)

“...During the Gothic Revival in Britain and France, the grotesque represented a world turned upside down, where, for instance, monsters guarded the church....” (S69)

Grotesco

(s, adj)

“...Mais tarde acentuam-se a sua maldade e o seu caráter disforme e assustador, que irá aos poucos se tornando menos demoníaco e mais caricato, característica que evidencia o termo grotesco, dado o exagero nas poses e expressões dos personagens...”

(S70)

Layout (n)

A design or plan that shows the way things are arranged . (ADE)

“Domènech’s masterpieces, grandiose in scale and exotic in detail, are the Hospital of S.Pau, Barcelona (1902-10), and the Palau de la Música Catalana (1905-8), the former with an extended layout like an English garden city.”(HWA)

Projeto (sm)

“Manuel Francisco Lisboa é o autor do projeto da Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Carmo,
depois alterado por seu filho, Antônio Francisco Lisboa, o Aleijadinho.” (S36)

Mosaic (n)

The use of small pieces of glass, stone, or tile (tesserae), or pebbles, to create and image on a flat surface such as floor, wall, or ceiling

(S71)

“... Sagrada Familia (1883), is a church reminiscent of the Gothic tradition, but the ornate use of sculpture and mosaic tiling is unmistakably Gaudi....”

(S72)

Mosaico (sm)

“...a restauração dos elementos originais catalogados como os mais importantes e em bom estado de conservação, entre eles as colunas com capitéis de gesso, as luminárias, o piso de mosaico veneziano e as portas em latão... “(S73)

Mullion (n)

A vertical piece of stone, metal, or wood that divides the panes of a window or the panels of a screen. (MERL)

“…their interiors were iron cages with conventional partitions largely replaced by slender iron mullions so as to obstruct the sales areas as little as possible.”

(HWA)

Mainel (sm)

“No registo inferior, ao centro do mainél que divide a porta, uma estátua do Infante
D. Henrique. O portal é ladeado por dois janelões de arco redondo. ...” (S9)

Também pode-se utilizar “coluneta”

Nave (n)

The long central hall of a cross-shaped church, often with pillars on each side, where the congregation sits (MERL)

“Work still continues slowly on the nave, structurally the most original part of the whole church(…)” (HWA)

Nave (sf)

“Um dos motivos para a elaboração do projeto foi a atual via-sacra da catedral que fica no fundo da nave da igreja.” (S32)

Openwork (n)

Decorative items that make use of patterns of holes, for example wrought-iron work, fretwork, or lace (MERL)

“In 1903-30 the Nativity transept, with its gables resembling stalactites, was completed with the addition of towers and openwork cone-shaped spires of astonishing height, crowned with tentacle-like finials of coloured broken tiling.”(HWA)

Vazado (a)

“O átrio será ainda mais utilizado quando trepadeiras tomarem conta de parte da "arapuca" metálica que lhe serve de teto vazado.” (S29)

Organic Architecture

(a+n)

It is a term Frank Lloyd Wright used to describe his approach to architectural design. The philosophy grew from the ideas of Wright's mentor, Louis Sullivan, who believed that “form follows function.” Wright argued that “form and function are one.” (S82)

“So here I stand before you preaching organic architecture: declaring organic architecture to be the modern ideal and the teaching so much needed if we are to see the whole of life, and to now serve the whole of life, holding no ‘traditions’ essential to the great TRADITION.

(FLK)

Arquitetura

Orgânica

(s+a)

“Biografia, lista de projetos construídos, depoimentos, informações sobre Taliesin West, arquivos, links, etc - tudo relacionado com o grande mestre da arquitetura orgânica encontra-se no site oficial da Fundação Frank Lloyd Wright.”

(S28)

Organic design (a+n)

A design style characterized by fluid transitions, smoothed edges, things blending in with each other, and rounded forms. Many 20th century artists favored a style called "biomorphic abstraction," where continuous curvilinear shapes suggest living organisms. (S2)

“The calls for structural honesty by Viollet-le-Duc and for organic design by Sullivan were also given expression by art nouveau architects…”

(HWA)

Desenho orgânico (s+a)

“Platibanda em concreto com vazados geométricos simulando os desenhos dos gradis de ferro tão em uso na época. Detalhe da porta principal com desenho orgânico, lembra a asa de um inseto, muito utilizado pelas propostas art decor e art nouveau.” (S6)

Piano nobile (n+a)

The main floor of a building where the most important rooms would be located: literally "noble storey" in Italian. (S38)

“...The reconstructed Piano Nobile, believed to have been the official royal residence and reception rooms, is on the west side of the court. This upper floor provides an excellent view of the palace storerooms...”

(S74)

Piano nobile

 (s+a)

“...O seu uso significa, como em Corbusier, a "reinterpretação" do princípio clássico do podium, substituída a massa edificada que se ocupava de separar o piano nobile do solo pelo vazio entre colunas...” (S75)

Portugal:andar nobre

Pier (n)

A pillar, especially a rectangular one supporting the end of an arch, lintel, or vault. (MERL)

“He treated the piers as tree-trunks, tilting them inwards so as to counteract the thrust of the vault without recourse to any props or flying buttresses, which he dismissed as ‘crutches’.”(HWA)

Pilastra (sf)

“Outro problema freqüente que ocorre após a conclusão da obra é a insatisfação
do(a) proprietário(a) com a posição de alguma pilastra.” (S33)

 Ou pilar

Prop (n)

A rigid object such as a beam, stake, or pole that supports something or holds it in place. (MERL)

“He treated the piers as tree-trunks, tilting them inwards so as to counteract the thrust of the vault without recourse to any props or flying buttresses, which he dismissed as ‘crutches’.” (HWA)

Estaca (sf)

“A estaca fixa tem a finalidade de manter as linhas de uma cerca sempre a uma
mesma distância, permitindo aumentar a distância entre os moirões.” (S34)

Também pode-se utilizar “colunas ou apoios”

Railing (n)

A fencelike barrier composed of one or more horizontal rails supported by widely spaced uprights; balustrade. (RHW)

“…But in his characteristically exuberant Casa Vicens (…), the railings and gates have an early Art Nouveau flavour.”(HWA)

Balaustrada (sf)

“O terraço era cercado por uma balaustrada de bronze e contava com uma iluminação especial, fornecida por lampiões de óleo de peixe...” (S10)

Roofscape (n)

The external upper covering of a house or other building that may have a terrace, offer a view or have a visual character. (ADW)

“The roofscape of the Palau Güell, forming an abstract sculptural composition with chimneypots and ventilators faced in coloured glass, tiles and mosaic, also set a precedent which Gaudí was often to follow.” (HWA)

Teto-terraço (sm)

“As dezoito chaminés levantadas no teto-terraço se vestem com cacos de vidro, pedra e azulejos à maneira de pinhas ou ciprestes rodeando a espira sobre a cúpula.” (S12)

Spire (n)

The name given to the roof of a tower when of a pyramidal form and high in proportion to its width. The name is also given to the pyramidal or aspiring termination of a tower which can not be said to have a roof, such as that of Strasburg cathedral; and to the tapering part of a steeple, or the steeple itself. (S37)

“...The spires and ceiling support are of catenary arches - the asymmetric form of a parabola that he developed doing Casa Mila. ...” (S76)

Flecha (sf)

“E as altíssimas naves das catedrais góticas coroadas por magníficas torres e esbeltas flechas, que com freqüência vieram abaixo, foram erguidas para que, nas palavras de Christian Norberg-Schulz, “Deus se acercará do homem”. (S83)

Também chamada de coruchéu ou agulha

Transept (n)

The cross aisles of a church, projecting at right angles from the nave or choir. In the basilicas, they often had no projection at the two ends. In Gothic churches these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts. (S37)

“...The south transept at Hunston is as big as the nave, creating a most unusual effect in this tiny village church…”

(S77)

Transepto (sm)

“O transepto é constituído por dois braços, o direito e o esquerdo. No Braço esquerdo do transepto encontra-se a imagem de Nossa Senhora da Vandoma...” (S78)

Turret (n)

A small rounded tower that projects from a wall or corner of a large building such as a castle (MERL)

“At one side rises a turret capped with a cross and the initials in gold of the Holy Family.” (HWA)

Torreão (sm)

“No topo desta torre, ou Torreão Central, encontrava-se uma plataforma devidamente preparada para a colocação de peças de fogo, aumentando o poder defensivo da Fortaleza de Sagres.” (S21)

Vault (n)

An arched structure of stone, brick, wood, or plaster that forms a ceiling or roof. (MERL)

“He treated the piers as tree-trunks, tilting them inwards so as to counteract the thrust of the vault without recourse to any props or flying buttresses, which he dismissed as ‘crutches’.” (HWA)

Abóbada (sf)

“As colunas góticas eram formadas de feixes de pilares, eram grossas, fortes
e grandes e tinham a função de sustentar toda a estrutura da abóbada.”  (S20)

Wrought iron (a+n)

A highly refined form of iron that is easy to shape but is strong and fairly resistant to rust, widely used for decorative metalwork. Wrought iron contains only 1 to 3 per cent of silicate slag distributed in fibers within the iron, thus making it very malleable. (MERL)

“The stone façade of the Casa Milá is enlivened with balconies of wrought iron tortured so as to resemble glistening bunches of seething seaweed, perhaps the most vivacious Art Nouveau metalwork anywhere”. (HWA)

Ferro forjado

(s+a)

“Utilizando o ferro forjado como matéria prima, produziam-se ferraduras,
camas, bancos de jardim e gradeamento para varandas ou janelas.” (S24)