Grammar nouns

 

 

 

Grammar nouns

 

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Grammar nouns

 

Nouns: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. It can function in a sentence as a subject, an object or a complement.

 

● Abstract: an abstract noun refers to states, events, concepts, feelings, qualities, etc., which have no physical existence.

 

 EG: Freedom, happiness, peace, and music are all abstract nouns that have no physical existence.

 

● Concrete: A concrete noun is a noun that names anything (or anyone) that can be perceived through the physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell.

 

EG: The judge handed the files to the clerk. (The words judge, files, and clerk are all tangible items and therefore, concrete nouns.)

 

● Proper: Proper nouns name specific persons, places, and things and always begin with a capital letter.

 

EG: GeorgeandGodzilladined atPapa John's on Friday. (The words George, Godzilla, Papa John’s, and Friday are all proper nouns)

 

● Common: A common noun refers in general to a person, place, thing, or idea. Usually, it is written with a capital letter only when it begins a sentence.

 

EG: Beetles invaded all the gardens in the neighborhood this summer. (The words Beetles, gardens, neighborhood, and summer are all common nouns)

 

● Collective: Collective nouns are singular nouns, which refer to a group. The words: audience, class, family, flock, group, and team are examples of collective nouns.

 

 A collective noun takes a singular verb when the group referred to acts, or is considered, as a whole.


EG:  Our team has won the game. (“Team” is functioning as a single unit taking a singular verb)
EG:  That family iswell known. (The word “family” is functioning as a single unit taking a singular verb)


However, a collective noun takes a plural verb when the members of the group are considered to be acting individually.


EG: My family are always fighting among themselves. (The word “family” refers to the individual members of the unit functioning on their own)

EG: The audience werethrowing flowers and jewelry onto the stage. (“Audience” refers to the individual members in the theater)

 

● Compound nouns (compound words): A compound noun or compound word is the joining of two individual nouns together. These words may be joined in one of three ways:

▪ the closed form, in which the words are melded together, such as firefly, secondhand, softball, childlike, redhead, keyboard, makeup, notebook

▪ the hyphenated form, such as daughter-in-law, master-at-arms, over-the-counter, six-pack, six-year-old, mass-produced

▪ the open form, such as post office, real estate, middle class, full moon, half sister, attorney general

 

● Singular/plural: A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. Plural nouns name more than one person, place, thing or idea. Simply adding the letter s creates the plural form of most nouns.


  • More than one snake = snakes
  • More than one ski = skis
  • More than one Barrymore = Barrymores

Words that end in -ch, x, s or s-like sounds, however, will require an -es for the plural:


  • more than one witch = witches
  • more than one box = boxes
  • more than one gas = gases
  • more than one bus = buses
  • more than one kiss = kisses
  • more than one Jones = Joneses

Several nouns have irregular plural forms. Plurals formed in this way are sometimes called mutated (or mutating) plurals.


  • more than one child = children
  • more than one woman = women
  • more than one man = men
  • more than one person = people
  • more than one goose = geese
  • more than one mouse = mice
  • more than one barracks = barracks
  • more than one deer = deer

Finally, there are nouns that maintain their Latin or Greek form in the plural. (See media and data and alumni, below.)


  • more than one nucleus = nuclei
  • more than one syllabus = syllabi
  • more than one focus = foci
  • more than one fungus = fungi
  • more than one cactus = cacti (cactuses is acceptable)
  • more than one thesis = theses

 

  • more than one crisis = crises
  • more than one phenomenon = phenomena
  • more than one index = indices (indexes is acceptable)
  • more than one appendix = appendices (appendixes is acceptable)
  • more than one criterion = criteria

● Singular/plural/possessive:  In the possessive case, a noun or pronoun changes its form to show that it owns or is closely related to something else. Usually, nouns become possessive by adding a combination of an apostrophe and the letter "s."

 

▪ Form the possessive case of a singular noun that does not end in "s" by adding an apostrophe and

  "s." (the dog’s dish or the child’s toy)

▪ Form the possessive case of a singular noun that ends with s, z or x by usually omitting the "s"

  and only adding the apostrophe. (Dr. Seuss' sense of humor)

▪ Form the possessive case of a plural noun that does not end in "s" by adding an apostrophe and an

  "s." (the men’s hats or the children’s books)

▪ Form the possessive case of a plural noun that does end in “s,” by adding only an apostrophe

  after the  “s.” (singers’ voices or The cousins’ favorite uncle)

 

Source : http://mrbuss.zoomshare.com/files/Class_files/grammarglossary.doc

Web site link: http://mrbuss.zoomshare.com

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Grammar nouns

 

  • Nouns:

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

To test for a noun: try putting a, an, or the in front of the word. If it makes sense then it’s a noun.

 

Types of nouns:

  • Proper nouns:  names a specific person, place, thing, or idea.  Proper nouns are capitalized at all times.

ex.  Dr. Jones, Kleenex, Ohio, June, Mrs. Smith

 

  • Common nouns:  name a general person, place, thing, or idea.  Common nouns are only capitalized when they are the first word in a sentence.

ex.  fingernail, violin, robin, stream, cheese, book

 

  • Abstract nouns: (idea nouns) names an idea or quality that you Can’t see, hear, taste, touch or smell.

ex.  justice, madness, pride, peace, joy, democracy, success,

     danger, truth, love, hate, anger, swallow, hug, breath, burp,

     envy, friendship, religion, freedom, tolerance

 

  • Concrete nouns:  names things you Can see, hear, taste, touch or smell.

ex.  sand,  stones,  hay,  tree,  sandwich,  dress,  shoes,  book,

     bottle,  burger,  pony,  card,  smile 

 

  • Collective nouns:  names a group.

 

ex.  troop, class, committee, audience, squad, team, mob, jury, 

     choir

 

  • Compound nouns:  names made of two words together.

ex.  football,  matchbox,  jack-o’-lantern,  vacuum cleaner,

     hot dog,  tooth pick,  basketball

 

Negatives:
Negative means No.  It means the opposite of a positive. It says something is not rather than it is.  To show a negative you use the words:
        no,  not,  nothing,  nobody,  nowhere,  none,  never,
        neither,  no one,  nor,  hardly,  scarcely,  barely  

 

  • Not is the most frequently used negative word.  It makes other words negative when you add not to the end of a word (“n’t” is the contraction of “not” and is used the same way)

ex.  can not or can’t,   will not or won’t,  did not or didn’t

  • Be careful of double negatives, only use one negative word in a sentence to show a negative meaning.

ex.  “We don’t have nothing to eat.” (wrong –this is a double negative;   

       two negatives make a positive [just like math] and what you’re

       really saying here is “We have something to eat.”)

 

      “We don’t have anything to eat.” (right – there is only one

        negative word in the sentence, and there is nothing to eat)

 

 

  • Onomatopoeia:

Onomatopoeia are words or groups of words you see in sentences that are not really a part of speech; but they give us colorful information about the nouns and verbs in the sentence.  They imitate, echo, or give action sounds for the words they describe.  They can be used for animal sounds, everyday sounds, machine sounds, and people sounds.  Below is a list of some of the most common onomatopoeia we use.

 

  • Birds, animal, and people sounds:

arf,  aroo,  bawk, bwak, buck

baa, bo-wow,  buzz, blab, blah blah, brouhaha

cackle, caw, chirp, cock-a-doodle-doo, coo

click, croak, crunch, eek, gobble, grr,

hee-haw, hiss, hoo, hoot, howl, humph, moo, murmur, meow,

neigh, oink, oooo, oow, plop, prattle, quack,

ra ra ra rawr, ribbit, roar, roo-coo, ruff,

sarumph, snort, squeak, squee, sss, soo-wee,

tweet, wee-wee-wee, whinny, whoo, woof, yadda yadda, yap-yap

 

  • Machine and other sounds:

bm, bang, beep, beep-beep, boing, bonk, boom. Boosh, burp, buzz, bzzt,

clang,  clap, clickety-clack, clunk, crackle, ca-ching, che-ching, choo-choo, chugga-chugga,

ding, ding-dong, fizz, flap-flap, glug-glug, grunt, gurgle,

 hiccup, hiss, honk, hush, ka-boom, ka-ching, kerrang,

moan, mumble, murmur, ping, pong, poing, plop, poof, pop, pow,

pss-pss, ring, rrrip, screech, snap, spank, splash, splat, splutter, squish. swoosh, thud, tick-tock, tinkle, varoom, vroom, whir, whisper, whizz, wiz,

woo-woooo, zap, zip, zoom

  • Sometimes the onomatopoeia is the name of the object and the sound of the object:

cuckoo, chickadee, whip-poor-will, ping-pong ball, whisper, zipper

  • Recently some onomatopoeia is used to mean the object itself and not a sound made by it.  They are creeping into everyday speech.  Here are a few we see today:

bling-bling meaning diamonds or gold shining in the light.

yoink (from the cartoons) meaning someone is stealing something

flump meaning you sat down hard on a chair

 

Someday we will probably see them in the dictionary with a definition – that’s how our language grows!

          
  • Predicates:

A complete predicate is made up of one, two, or more words that includes a verb and explains something about the subject. (most of the time the predicate is the second half of a sentence) It tells what the subject is, did, or was.

  • A simple predicate has one verb.
  • A compound predicate has more than one verb joined by a conjunction.

 

Source : http://muncyaslclass.wikispaces.com/file/view/Grammar+Glossary.doc

Web site link: http://muncyaslclass.wikispaces.com/Downloadable+Worksheets

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