Francisco Pizarro

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Francisco Pizarro

Francisco Pizarro (1476?-1541) Born in Trujillo, Spain, to an impoverished family, Pizarro went to the West Indies in 1502, where he lived on the island of Hispaniola. In 1509 he joined Alonso de Ojeda’s expedition to present-day Colombia. In 1513, he became chief lieutenant to Vasco Nunez de Balboa, who discovered the Pacific Ocean. While living in Panama, where Balboa was arrested and executed, Pizarro heard legends of cities of gold that lay to the South. Pizarro led two expeditions to the western coast of South America in the 1520s. Having seen natives wearing gold ornaments, he returned to Spain and secured permission from Charles I to conquer the area and become its governor. Pizarro returned to present-day Peru in 1532, and, having killed many of the leaders of the Inca Empire, captured Atahualpa, whom he held for ransom. After having amassed a fortune in gold for Atahualpa’s ransom, Pizarro had him executed in 1533. Pizarro proceeded to conquer the capital at Cuzco, where he established the system of encomienda – large land grants farmed by unfree natives. Pizarro founded Lima in 1535 as the center of government. Pizarro was subsequently involved in a power struggle with Diego de Almagro, who had been his partner and who had been granted most of what is now northern Chile. Almagro was eventually killed, but his son continued the struggle. Pizarro was murdered by Almagro’s followers in 1541. For more information, see http://www.pbs.org/conquistadors/pizarro/pizarro_flat.html

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