The Triple Alliance, 1882
The Triple Alliance, 1882
The following texts are the property of their respective authors and we thank them for giving us the opportunity to share for free to students, teachers and users of the Web their texts will used only for illustrative educational and scientific purposes only.
The information of medicine and health contained in the site are of a general nature and purpose which is purely informative and for this reason may not replace in any case, the council of a doctor or a qualified entity legally to the profession.
The Triple Alliance, 1882
The Triple Alliance, 1882
This alliance of peace and friendship was an extension of the Austro-German Dual Alliance to include Italy. This alliance accomplished several purposes. It helped to reconcile the differences between Austria and Italy, promised Italy's help to Germany in case of a French attack , and guaranteed Italy the aid of her partners in case of an attack by France. The secret Treaty was renewed in 1887 but important changes occurred in 1902 that removed the promise of Italian aid to Germany in the event of a French attack on that country. Finally, this Alliance broke down completely when Italy refused to enter the war on the side of her alliance partners in 1914; the excuse being that no aggressive action against Austria had taken place when she declared war on Serbia. Relevant sections of the renewal alliance of 1903 follow:
CLAUSE III. In case one or two of the High Contracting Parties, without direct provocation on their part, should be attacked by one or more Great Powers not signatory of the present Treaty and should become involved in a war with them, the casus foederis [i.e., the event provoking a war] would arise simultaneously for all the High Contracting Parties.
CLAUSE IV. In case a Great Power not signatory of the present Treaty should threaten the State security of one of the High Contracting Parties, and in case the threatened party should thereby be compelled to declare war against that Great Power, the two other contracting parties engage themselves to maintain benevolent neutrality towards their Ally. Each of them reserves its right, in this case, to take part in the war if it thinks fit in order to make common cause with its Ally.
CLAUSE VII. Austria-Hungary and Italy, who have solely in view the maintenance, as far as possible, of the territorial status quo in the East [vis-à-vis Turkey], engage themselves to use their influence to prevent all territorial changes which might be disadvantageous to the one or the other of the Powers signatory of the present Treaty. To this end they will give reciprocally all information calculated to enlighten each other concerning their own intentions and those of other Powers. Should, however, the case arise that, in the course of events, the maintenance of the status quo in the territory of the Balkans or of the Ottoman coasts and islands in the Adriatic or the Aegean Seas becomes impossible, and that, either in consequence of the action of a third Power or for any other reason, Austria-Hungary or Italy should be obliged to change the status quo on their part by a temporary or permanent occupation, such occupation would only take place after previous agreement between the two Powers, which would have to be based upon the principle of a reciprocal compensation for all territorial or other advantages that either of them might acquire over and above the existing status quo, and would have to satisfy the interests and rightful claims of both parties.
Source : https://phs-sources.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+Triple+Alliance.doc
Web site link: https://phs-sources.wikispaces.com
Google key word : The Triple Alliance, 1882 file type : doc
Author : not indicated on the source document of the above text
If you are the author of the text above and you not agree to share your knowledge for teaching, research, scholarship (for fair use as indicated in the United States copyrigh low) please send us an e-mail and we will remove your text quickly.
The Triple Alliance, 1882
Triple Alliance – Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary
Abridged Text of the Triple Alliance
Article 1
The High Contracting Parties mutually promise peace and friendship, and will enter into no alliance or engagement directed against any one of their States.
They engage to proceed to an exchange of ideas on political and economic questions of a general nature which may arise, and they further promise one another mutual support within the limits of their own interests.
Article 2
In case Italy, without direct provocation on her part, should be attacked by France for any reason whatsoever, the two other Contracting Parties shall be bound to lend help and assistance with all their forces to the Party attacked.
This same obligation shall devolve upon Italy in case of any aggression without direct provocation by France against Germany.
Article 3
If one, or two, of the High Contracting Parties, without direct provocation on their part, should chance to be attacked and to be engaged in a war with two or more Great Powers non-signatory to the present Treaty, the casus foederis will arise simultaneously for all the High Contracting Parties.
Article 4
In case a Great Power non-signatory to the present Treaty should threaten the security of the states of one of the High Contracting Parties, and the threatened Party should find itself forced on that account to make war against it, the two others bind themselves to observe towards their Ally a benevolent neutrality. Each of them reserves to itself, in this case, the right to take part in the war, if it should see fit, to make common cause with its Ally.
Article 5
If the peace of any of the High Contracting Parties should chance to be threatened under the circumstances foreseen by the preceding Articles, the High Contracting Parties shall take counsel together in ample time as to the military measures to be taken with a view to eventual cooperation.
They engage henceforward, in all cases of common participation in a war, to conclude neither armistice, nor peace, nor treaty, except by common agreement among themselves.
Article 6
The High Contracting Parties mutually promise secrecy as to the contents and existence of the present Treaty.
Article 7
The present Treaty shall remain in force during the space of five years, dating from the day of the exchange of ratifications.
Article 8
The ratifications of the present Treaty shall be exchanged at Vienna within three weeks, or sooner if may be.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty and have annexed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Vienna, the twentieth day of the month of May of the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
(L.S.) KALNOKY
(L.S.) H. VII v. REUSS
(L.S.) C. ROBILANT
Ministerial Declaration
The Royal Italian Government declares that the provisions of the secret Treaty concluded May 20, 1882, between Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany, cannot, as has been previously agreed, in any case be regarded as being directed against England.
Source : http://mail.sumner.wednet.edu/~bryan_slater/FOV1-0001DC92/Triple%20Alliance%20Italy,%20Germany,%20Austria%20Hungary.doc?Plugin=Loft
Web site link: http://mail.sumner.wednet.edu
Google key word : The Triple Alliance, 1882 file type : doc
Author : not indicated on the source document of the above text
If you are the author of the text above and you not agree to share your knowledge for teaching, research, scholarship (for fair use as indicated in the United States copyrigh low) please send us an e-mail and we will remove your text quickly.
The Triple Alliance, 1882
If you want to quickly find the pages about a particular topic as The Triple Alliance, 1882 use the following search engine:
The Triple Alliance, 1882
Please visit our home page
Larapedia.com Terms of service and privacy page