The War of the League of Augsburg summary

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The War of the League of Augsburg summary

The War of the League of Augsburg (1689-1697) or the Nine Years’ War European version of King Williams’ War (1690-1697) as it was called among American colonists and as it is still designated by American history textbooks. The League of Augsburg was formed to resist French expansion into German territories after Louis XIV took over the free German city of Strasbourg. By 1689, the League included England, Spain, Sweden, and the United Provinces, along with Bavaria, Saxony, and the Palatinate. In the Americas, France and England struggled for dominance. In British North America, sporadic fighting occurred, mostly in Hudson Bay posts, which fell to the French, and in Newfoundland, which also fell to a French force led by D’Iberville, the future founder of Louisiana. With their Indian allies, the French launched an attack on Schenectady, New York in 1690, and destroyed it. In Massachusetts, Sir William Phips launched an expedition which took Acadia. The Treaty of Ryswick returned the colonies to the pre-war status quo. Part of the motivation for both the League and the war was a fear that Louis XIV planned to engage in a Catholic reconquest of Europe after his revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. The Edict, issued by Henri IV in 1598, had offered limited religious freedoms. Louis’s revocation not only solidified Protestant resistance to his reign. It promoted a mass exodus of some 250,000 French Huguenots from France. Many of these fled to England, Northern Ireland, Germany, and the Americas where they subsequently fought by the thousands in the service of Louis’s enemies.

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