Recovery prosperity and turmoil study guide

The following texts are the property of their respective authors and we thank them for giving us the opportunity to share for free to students, teachers and users of the Web their texts will used only for illustrative educational and scientific purposes only.

All the information in our site are given for nonprofit educational purposes

The information of medicine and health contained in the site are of a general nature and purpose which is purely informative and for this reason may not replace in any case, the council of a doctor or a qualified entity legally to the profession.

Recovery prosperity and turmoil study guide

GOAL 11 – RECOVERY, PROSPERITY, & TURMOIL (1945-1980)

11.01 - Effects of the Cold War on economic, political, and social life in America.

• How does a nation’s involvement in international conflicts affect politics and society at home?
• To what extent did the effects of the Cold War impact economic, political, and social life in America?
• Did the Cold War ultimately have a positive or negative impact on the United States?

Social Effects

“Duck and cover” was suggested method of personal protection against the effects of a nuclear detonation which the United States government taught to citizens during the Cold War.
Fallout Shelters - an enclosed space specially designed to protect occupants from radioactive debris from a nuclear explosion
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) - created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties
Hollywood Blacklist - Communists were said to be placing subversive messages into Hollywood films. The most famous group of blacklisted individuals was known as The Hollywood Ten, they refused to answer any questions from HUAC and were jailed by the government and blacklisted by Hollywood

Economic Effects (Truman)

Fair Deal - Harry Truman's domestic program which built on Roosevelt's New Deal. Truman believed that the federal government should guarantee economic opportunity and social stability.
AFL-CIO – a voluntary federation of labor unions created in 1955 by the merger of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

Economic Effects (Eisenhower)

Taft-Hartley Act - amended much of the National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act of 1935, the federal law regulating labor relations of enterprises engaged in interstate commerce. The act established control of labor disputes by enlarging the National Labor Relations Board.
National Highway Act - authorized the building of highways throughout the nation, which would be the biggest public works project in the nation's history.

Political Effects

Alger Hiss – a prominent US government figure who was accused of, found guilty of, and jailed for being a communist. He fought for his innocence until his death.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg - Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were executed for espionage in Sing Sing Prison on 19 June 1953. They had been convicted of giving American atomic secrets to the Soviets during World War II. Though the government was convinced of their guilt, many people were not and the debate over their guilt or innocence did not stop with their deaths.
National Security Act (1947) - mandated a major reorganization of the foreign policy and military establishments of the U.S. Government. The act created the National Security Council (NSC).
Détente - a permanent relaxation in international affairs during the Cold War. It is a term usually associated with the relations between America, Russia and China.
S.A.L.T. I and II- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks – two rounds of talks and agreements between the US and USSR concerning nuclear arms.
China became communist.

11.02 - Major events of the Civil Rights Movement

• How did the Civil Rights Movement change America?
• To what degree has equality been achieved in America?
• How did the philosophical shift toward more militant tactics impact the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement?

C.O.R.E. – Congress on Racial Equality, an interracial organization that tried to bring change through peaceful confrontation.
Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas (1954) – court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal) and said that schools must be integrated.
Thurgood Marshall – a civil rights leader appointed to the Supreme Court in 1967. He ruled over many important civil rights cases for many decades.
Rosa Parks
Montgomery bus boycotts – Rosa Parks challenged segregation on buses in 1955 which led to the boycott of the bus system.
Martin Luther King, Jr. – Leader of the civil rights movement who advocated non-violent means of achieving equality. He was assassinated in 1968.
Little Rock Nine – President Eisenhower sent in troops to protect 9 African American students entering into Central High School in Little Rock, AR.
S.N.C.C. - Organization of young African Americans who wanted immediate change. They later became associated with the Black Power Movement.
Sit-ins – method of protesting segregation where people would sit in a restaurant until they were served.
Freedom Riders – Protesters tested desegregation laws by riding buses into the south – troops were sent in to protect them. (Freedom Summer)
24th amendment – outlawed poll taxes
March on Washington – 200,000 people came to Washington, DC to protest civil rights – where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I have a dream” speech.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 – called for equal rights in jobs, schools, voting, and public services.
Voting Rights Act of 1965 – Allowed federal officials to register voters where locals would not allow; eliminated literacy tests.
Malcolm X – Important figure in the Black Power Movement who later changed his views away from violent protest. He was assassinated in 1965.
Black Power Movement/Black Panthers – Militant group who fought for civil rights. They called for African Americans to unite – Black Nationalism. (Marcus Garvey)

11.03 - Major social movements: Women, young people, and the environment

• To what extent did social movements in America impact women, young people, and the environment?
• How effective are challenges to authority in bringing about change?
• How is America different because of the social movements which took place between 1945-1980?

Latinos - César Chavez- Leader in the Latino rights movement.

American Indian Movement (AIM) – fought for treaty rights and better conditions/opportunities for Native Americans.

Environmental Protection Agency – enforced the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act.
Counterculture – movement by young people who wanted to resist the mainstream of dominant culture. This included changing music – rock & roll.

Elvis Presley & British Invasion (Beatles) – music of the 1950s-1960s which was part of the counterculture and would influence music for years to come.
Haight-Ashbury – district of San Francisco which was a popular place for hippies to live.

Women

Betty Friedan – author of The Feminine Mystique which told housewives it was ok to yearn for more than their accepted role as a wife and mother.
National Organization for Women (NOW) – fought for fair pay and equal opportunities for women.
Gloria Steinem – a women’s rights advocate who started Ms. Magazine
Phyllis Schlafly – oppose the women’s movement.
Equal Rights Amendment - would have made discrimination based on sex illegal, but was never ratified.
Roe v. Wade (1973) – legalized abortion.

11.04 - Causes of the United States’ involvement in Vietnam

• What impact did the Vietnam War have on the United States?
• What political, social, and economic factors led to US involvement in the Vietnam conflict?
• How does a government’s response to political events and situations affect the nation?

Domino theory – the idea that if one country fell to communism, another and another would fall after that.
Ho Chi Minh - Leader of Northern Vietnam
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – gave the president expanded powers to conduct war in Vietnam.
Robert McNamara – Sec. of State for Kennedy who established US strategy in Vietnam
Agent Orange and Napalm were chemical weapons used in the Vietnam War
Tet Offensive – turning point of the Vietnam conflict when the US decides they do not want to fight anymore after a series of attacks by North Vietnam.
My Lai Incident – American troops killed 400 women and children
Vietnamization – switching out US troops for Vietnamese.
Kent State and Jackson State – students were killed by the national guard while protesting the Vietnam War.
26th Amendment – 18 year olds have the right to vote.
Paris Peace Accords – the US withdrew from the war in 1973.
War Powers Act (1973) – congress limited powers to conduct war
Fall of Saigon, 1975 – the capital of the south fell to the north. Vietnam united and became communist.

11.05 - Impact of technological innovations that have impacted American life.

• How do technological changes alter the lives of individuals?
• How does innovation impact a nation?
• What technological innovation has had the greatest impact on American life?

Radio & TV in 1950s – spread information and increased advertising.
Sputnik – first satellite launched into orbit by the USSR.
NASA – government agency created for space exploration
National Defense Education Act – gave money to improve science and math in schools
John Glenn – first man to orbit the earth (1962)
Neil Armstrong – first man to walk on the moon (1964)
Computers began to be present in the government - Silicon Valley California became an important hub for high-tech development
ICBMs – Intercontinental ballistic missiles; rockets invented to deliver bombs
Nuclear power – became popular in the 1960s as more people became concerned with the pollution associated with coal and gas.

11.06 - Political events and the actions and reactions of the government official and citizens. Asses the social and political consequences.

• How does a government’s response to political events and situations impact the nation?
• What social and political consequences resulted from the actions of the government between 1945 and 1980?
• Why is change so difficult for some people?

25th Amendment- created provisions for the succession of the president and vice president.

Kennedy

New Frontier – Kennedy’s program to help the poor, invest in space programs, and improve the economy.
Peace Corps – program to send volunteers to other countries as teachers, health workers and to do other public works projects.

Johnson

Great Society – Johnson’s programs to help the poor, fund education, healthcare, regulate housing and protect the environment.
HUD- Housing and Urban Development: oversee housing to help the poor
Head Start – preschool program for low-income children
VISTA – volunteers to help poor areas
Medicare – healthcare for the elderly (>65 years old)
National Endowment for the Humanities – gives money to artists and academics

Election of 1968

Robert Kennedy – was killed after winning the California primary in 1968.
1968 Democratic National Convention – democrats had to decide who to nominate to run in the presidential election – Humphrey was nominated but the party was majorly split – weakening it and allowing Nixon (Republican) to win.

Nixon

Watergate scandal – People in Nixon’s reelection campaign were caught breaking into the Democratic Party’s headquarters. Nixon tried to stop the investigation and cover it up. Nixon was reelected and the story began to come out
Bob Woodward/Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post uncovered a lot of the wrongdoings.
Sam Ervin/Senate Watergate Committee led the investigation and found that Nixon had tape-recorded many of his oval office conversations.
U.S.v. Nixon (1974) – Nixon was told to turn over the tapes. He did with 18 ½ minutes missing.

Source : http://williamhook.cmswiki.wikispaces.net/file/view/US_HISTORY_CUMULATIVE_NOTES%5B1%5D.doc

Web site link to visit: http://williamhook.cmswiki.wikispaces.net/

Google key word : Recovery prosperity and turmoil study guide file type : doc

Author : not indicated on the source document of the above text

If you are the author of the text above and you not agree to share your knowledge for teaching, research, scholarship (for fair use as indicated in the United States copyrigh low) please send us an e-mail and we will remove your text quickly.