Economics and finance
Economics and finance
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Economics and finance
Index of topics :
Finance terms meaning :
accounts
acid test ratio
assets
audit
bank loan
bankrupt
bookkeeping
break-even
budget
business plan
capital
cash
cash flow forecast
cost of goods sold
cost price
credit
current ratio
depreciation
direct costs
dividend
equity
fixed assets
fixed costs
gross profit
indirect costs
insurance
interest
interest rate
leasing
liabilities
liquid assets
net profit
overdraft
profit
rate of turnover
retained profit
return of capital employed (roce)
revenue
stock
swot analysis
turnover
unit cost
variable costs
working capital
Economics term meaning and definition :
ability-to-pay principle
acreage allotment program
actual investment
actual reserves
adjustable pegs
adverse selection problem
advertising
affirmative action
AFL-CIO
agency shop
aggregate
aggregate demand
aggregate demand–aggregate supply (AD-AS) model
aggregate expenditures
aggregate expenditures–domestic output approach
aggregate expenditures schedule
aggregate supply
aggregate supply shocks
Alcoa case
allocative efficiency
anticipated inflation
antitrust laws
antitrust policy
appreciation (of the dollar)
asset
asset demand for money
asymmetric information
average fixed cost (AFC)
average product (AP)
average propensity to consume
average propensity to save (APS)
average revenue
average tax rate
average total cost (ATC)
average variable cost (AVC)
backflows
balance of payments
balance-of-payments deficit
balance-of-payments surplus
balance on current account
balance on goods and services
balance sheet
bank deposits
bankers' bank
bank reserves
barrier to entry
barter
base year
benefit-reduction rate
benefits-received principle
bilateral monopoly
Board of Governors
bond
break-even income
break-even output
break-even point
Bretton Woods system
budget constraint
budget deficit
budget line
budget surplus
built-in stabilizer
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
business cycle
business firm
business unionism
capital
capital and financial account
capital and financial account deficit
capital and financial account surplus
capital gain
capital goods
capital-intensive commodity
capitalism
capital stock
cartel
causation
CEA
cease-and-desist order
ceiling price
Celler-Kefauver Act
central bank
central economic planning
ceteris paribus assumption
change in demand
change in quantity demanded
change in quantity supplied
change in supply
checkable deposit
checkable-deposit multiplier
check clearing
checking account
circular flow diagram
Civil Rights Act of 1964
classical economics
Clayton Act
closed economy
closed shop
Coase theorem
coincidence of wants
COLA
collective bargaining
collective voice
collusion
command system
commercial bank
commercial banking system
communism
comparative advantage
compensating differences
compensation to employees
competition
competitive industry's short-run supply curve
competitive labor market
complementary goods
concentration ratio
conglomerate merger
conglomerates
constant-cost industry
constant opportunity cost
constant returns to scale
consumer goods
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
consumer sovereignty
consumer surplus
consumption of fixed capital
consumption schedule
contractionary fiscal policy
coordination failure
copayment
copyright
corporate income tax
corporation
correlation
cost-benefit analysis
cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)
cost-push inflation
Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)
countercyclical payments (CCPs)
craft union
creative destruction
credit
credit union
cross elasticity of demand
crowding model of occupational discrimination
crowding-out effect
currency
currency appreciation
currency depreciation
currency intervention
current account
cyclical asymmetry
cyclical deficit
cyclical unemployment
deadweight loss
debit
declining industry
decreasing-cost industry
deductible
defensive medicine
deflating
deflation
demand
demand curve
demand factor (in growth)
demand management
demand-pull inflation
demand schedule
dependent variable
depository institutions
depreciation
depreciation (of the dollar)
derived demand
determinants of aggregate demand
determinants of aggregate supply
determinants of demand
determinants of supply
devaluation
developing countries
diagnosis-related group (DRG) system
differentiated oligopoly
differentiated product
diffusion
dilemma of regulation
diminishing marginal returns
direct foreign investment
direct payments
direct relationship
discount rate
discouraged workers
discretionary fiscal policy
discrimination
discrimination coefficient
diseconomies of scale
disinflation
disposable income (DI)
dissaving
dividends
division of labor
Doha Round
dollar votes
domestic capital formation
domestic output
domestic price
dumping
DuPont cellophane case
durable good
earned-income tax credit (EITC)
earnings
economic concentration
economic cost
economic efficiency
economic growth
economic law
economic model
economic perspective
economic policy
economic principle
economic profit
economic regulation
economic rent
economic resources
economics
economic system
economic theory
economies of scale
economizing problem
efficiency factors (in growth)
efficiency loss
efficiency loss of a tax
efficiency wage
efficient allocation of resources
elastic demand
elasticity coefficient
elasticity formula
elasticity of resource demand
elastic supply
electronic payments
employment discrimination
employment rate
entitlement programs
entrepreneurial ability
equality-efficiency tradeoff
Equal Pay Act of 1963
equation of exchange
equilibrium GDP
equilibrium position
equilibrium price
equilibrium price level
equilibrium quantity
equilibrium real domestic output
equilibrium real output
euro
European Union (EU)
excess capacity
excess reserves
exchange control
exchange rate
exchange-rate appreciation
exchange-rate depreciation
exchange-rate determinant
excise tax
exclusive unionism
exhaustive expenditure
exit mechanism
expanding industry
expansion
expansionary fiscal policy
expansionary monetary policy
expectations
expected rate of return
expected-rate-of return curve
expenditures approach
expenditures-output approach
explicit cost
exports
export subsidies
export supply curve
export transaction
external benefit
external cost
external debt
externality
external public debt
face value
factors of production
fair-return price
fallacy of composition
Farm Act of 2002
farm commodities
fast-second strategy
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Federal funds rate
Federal government
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
Federal Reserve Banks
Federal Reserve Note
Federal Reserve System
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Federal Trade Commission Act
fee for service
fiat money
final goods and services
financial capital
financial services industry
firm
fiscal policy
fixed cost
fixed exchange rate
fixed resource
flexible exchange rate
floating exchange rate
food products
food-stamp program
foreign competition
foreign exchange control
foreign exchange market
foreign exchange rate
foreign purchase effect
45° line
fractional reserve banking system
freedom of choice
freedom of enterprise
Freedom to Farm Act
free-rider problem
free trade
frictional unemployment
fringe benefits
full employment
full-employment unemployment rate
functional distribution of income
gains from trade
game theory
GDP
GDP gap
GDP price index
G8 nations
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
generalization
Gini ratio
gold standard
government failure
government purchases
government transfer payment
grievance procedure
gross domestic product (GDP)
gross private domestic investment
growth accounting
guiding function of prices
health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
health savings accounts (HSAs)
Herfindahl index
homogeneous oligopoly
horizontal axis
horizontal merger
household
human capital
human capital discrimination
human capital investment
hyperinflation
hypothesis
illegal immigrant
IMF
imitation problem
immobility
imperfect competition
implicit cost
import competition
import demand curve
import quota
imports
import transaction
incentive function of price
incentive pay plan
inclusive unionism
income
income approach
income effect
income elasticity of demand
income inequality
income-maintenance system
income mobility
increase in demand
increase in supply
increasing-cost industry
increasing marginal returns
increasing returns
independent goods
independent unions
independent variable
indifference curve
indifference map
individual demand
individual supply
industrially advanced countries
industrial regulation
industrial union
industry
inelastic demand
inelastic supply
inferior good
inflating
inflation
inflationary expectations
inflationary expenditure gap
inflation premium
inflation targeting
information technology
infrastructure
injection
injunction
in-kind transfer
innovation
inpayments
insider-outsider theory
insurable risk
interest
interest income
interest rate
interest-rate-cost-of-funds curve
interest-rate effect
interindustry competition
interlocking directorate
intermediate goods
internally held public debt
international balance of payments
international balance-of-payments deficit
international balance-of-payments surplus
international gold standard
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
international monetary reserves
international value of the dollar
intrinsic value
invention
inventories
inverse relationship
inverted-U theory
investment
investment demand curve
investment goods
investment in human capital
investment schedule
"invisible hand"
Joint Economic Committee (JEC)
Keynesian economics
Keynesianism
kinked-demand curve
labor
labor force
labor-force participation rate
labor-intensive commodity
labor market discrimination
labor productivity
labor union
Laffer Curve
laissez-faire capitalism
land
land-intensive commodity
law of demand
law of diminishing marginal utility
law of diminishing returns
law of increasing opportunity costs
law of supply
leakage
learning by doing
least-cost combination of resources
legal cartel theory of regulation
legal immigrant
legal tender
lending potential of an individual commercial bank
lending potential of the banking system
liability
limited liability
liquidity
loanable funds
loanable funds theory of interest
lockout
logrolling
long run
long-run aggregate supply curve
long-run competitive equilibrium
long-run supply
long-run vertical Phillips Curve
Lorenz curve
lump-sum tax
M1
M2
macroeconomics
managed floating exchange rate
managerial-opposition hypothesis
managerial prerogatives
marginal analysis
marginal benefit
marginal cost (MC)
marginal cost-marginal benefit rule
marginal product
marginal productivity theory of income distribution
marginal propensity to consume (MPC)
marginal propensity to save (MPS)
marginal rate of substitution (MRS)
marginal resource cost (MRC)
marginal revenue
marginal-revenue–marginal-cost approach
marginal revenue product (MRP)
marginal tax rate
marginal utility
market
market demand
market economy
market failure
market for externality rights
market period
market system
marketing loan program
median-voter model
Medicaid
Medicare
Medicare Part D
medium of exchange
menu costs
merger
microeconomics
Microsoft case
midpoint formula
minimum efficient scale (MES)
minimum wage
monetarism
monetary multiplier
monetary policy
monetary rule
money
money capital
money income
money market
money market deposit accounts (MMDAs)
money market deposit accounts (MMDAs)
money supply
monopolistic competition
monopoly
monopsony
moral hazard problem
most-favored-nation (MFN) status
MR= MC rule
MRP= MRC rule
multinational corporations
multiple counting
multiplier
multiplier effect
mutual interdependence
MZM
national bank
National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)
national health insurance (NHI)
national income
national income accounting
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act of 1935)
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
natural monopoly
natural rate of unemployment (NRU)
near-money
negative externality
negative GDP gap
negative relationship
net domestic product
net exports
net foreign factor income
net investment income
net private domestic investment
net taxes
net transfers
network effects
net worth
new classical economics
New Economy
NLRB
nominal gross domestic product (GDP)
nominal income
nominal interest rate
nominal wage
noncash transfer
noncollusive oligopoly
noncompeting groups
nondiscretionary fiscal policy
nondurable good
nonexcludability
nonexhaustive expenditure
nonincome determinants of consumption and saving
noninterest determinants of investment
noninvestment transaction
nonmarket transactions
nonprice competition
nonproduction transaction
nonrivalry
nontariff barriers (NTBs)
normal good
normal profit
normative economics
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
occupation
occupational discrimination
occupational licensure
occupational segregation
official reserves
offshoring
Okun's law
oligopoly
OPEC
open economy
open-market operations
open shop
opportunity cost
opportunity-cost ratio
optimal amount of R&D
optimal reduction of an externality
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
other-things-equal assumption
outpayments
output effect
paper money
paradox of voting
parity concept
parity ratio
partnership
patent
payments deficit
payments surplus
payroll tax
P= MC rule
peak
per capita GDP
per capita income
perfectly elastic demand
perfectly elastic supply
perfectly inelastic demand
perfectly inelastic supply
per se violations
personal consumption expenditures
personal distribution of income
personal income (PI)
personal income tax
Personal Responsibility Act
personal saving
per-unit production cost
Phillips Curve
planned investment
plant
"play or pay"
policy economics
political business cycle
positive economics
positive externality
positive GDP gap
positive relationship
post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy
potential competition
potential output
poverty
poverty rate
preferred provider organization (PPO)
price
price ceiling
price discrimination
price elasticity of demand
price elasticity of supply
price fixing
price floor
price index
price leadership
price level
price-level stability
price-level surprises
price maker
price support
price taker
price war
prime interest rate
principal-agent problem
private good
private property
private sector
process innovation
producer surplus
product differentiation
product innovation
production possibilities curve
productive efficiency
productivity
productivity growth
product market
profit
profit-maximizing combination of resources
profit-sharing plan
progressive tax
property tax
proportional tax
proprietor's income
protective tariff
public assistance programs
public choice theory
public debt
public good
public interest theory of regulation
public investments
public sector
public utility
purchasing power
purchasing power parity
pure competition
purely competitive labor market
pure monopoly
pure profit
pure rate of interest
quantity demanded
quantity supplied
quasi-public bank
quasi-public good
R&D
rate of exchange
rate of return
rational behavior
rational expectations theory
rationing function of prices
real-balances effect
real-business-cycle theory
real capital
real GDP
real GDP per capita
real gross domestic product (GDP)
real income
real interest rate
real wage
recession
recessionary expenditure gap
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
refinancing the public debt
regressive tax
regulatory agency
rental income
rent-seeking behavior
required reserves
reserve requirement
resource
resource market
restrictive monetary policy
revenue tariff
reverse discrimination
right-to-work law
rule of reason
rule of 70
sales tax
saving
savings account
savings and loan association (S&L)
saving schedule
savings deposit
savings institution
Say's law
scarce resources
scientific method
seasonal variations
secular trend
self-interest
seniority
separation of ownership and control
service
Sherman Act
shirking
shortage
short run
short-run aggregate supply curve
short-run competitive equilibrium
short-run supply curve
shutdown case
simple multiplier
simultaneous consumption
slope of a line
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
social insurance programs
socially optimal price
social regulation
Social Security
Social Security trust fund
sole proprietorship
special-interest effect
specialization
speculation
SSI
stagflation
standardized budget
standardized product
Standard Oil case
start-up (firm)
state bank
static economy
statistical discrimination
stock (corporate)
stock options
store of value
strategic behavior
strategic trade policy
strike
structural-change hypothesis
structural unemployment
subsidy
substitute goods
substitution effect
sunk cost
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
supply
supply curve
supply factor (in growth)
supply schedule
supply-side economics
surplus
surplus payment
tacit understanding
TANF
tariff
taste-for-discrimination model
tax
taxes on production and imports
tax incidence
tax subsidy
tax-transfer disincentives
Taylor rule
technological advance
technology
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
terms of trade
theoretical economics
theory of human capital
thrift institution
till money
time deposit
total cost
total demand
total demand for money
total product (TP)
total revenue (TR)
total-revenue test
total spending
total supply
total utility
Trade Adjustment Assistance Act
trade balance
trade bloc
trade controls
trade deficit
trademark
tradeoff
trade surplus
trading possibilities line
tragedy of the commons
transactions demand for money
transfer payment
tying contract
unanticipated inflation
unauthorized immigrant
underemployment
undistributed corporate profits
unemployment
unemployment compensation
unemployment insurance
unemployment rate
uninsurable risk
union shop
unit elasticity
unit labor cost
unit of account
unlimited liability
unlimited wants
unplanned changes in inventories
unplanned investment
Uruguay Round
U.S. securities
U.S. Steel case
usury laws
utility
utility-maximizing rule
value added
value-added tax
value judgment
value of money
variable cost
VAT
vault cash
velocity
venture capital
vertical axis
vertical integration
vertical intercept
vertical merger
very long run
voice mechanism
voluntary export restrictions
wage
wage differential
wage discrimination
wage rate
wages
wealth
wealth effect
welfare programs
Wheeler-Lea Act
World Bank
world price
World Trade Organization (WTO)
WTO
X-inefficiency
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