Engineering and technology
Engineering and technology
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Engineering and technology
A Brief History of Engineering
Engineering has been studied since ancient times. The first engineer known by
name and achievement was Imhotep, designer of the stepped pyramid at Saqqara near
Memphis, Circa 2550 BC. Because the separation of classes during the agricultural era,
and because only the rich could afford to educate their children, all education was
directed toward intellectual pursuits. Engineering was regarded as a practical pursuit and
was not a part of any formal schooling. The apprenticeship system was used exclusively
in the study of engineering.
The industrial revolution, by most accounts, began in England in about 1750.
Surprisingly, England is not where the study of engineering first became formalized. The
fruits of the earlier scientific revolution had resulted in the improvement of weapons and
artillery by the late 1600’s and early 1700’s. This created a demand for knowledgeable
officers to use the new weapons to advantage. Military engineering was taught at several
schools in France as early as 1689. The French government also recognized the need for
similar engineering skills for civilian pursuits. Louis XV appointed Jean Rodolphe
Perronet chief engineer for bridges and highways with authority to establish a school.
The Corps des Ponts et Chaussees was opened in 1747. This is recognized as the first
engineering school in the world and as a result Perronet is often referred to as the father
of engineering education (Grayson, 1993, pp15-16).
In America, the need for military and civil engineers during the Revolution
became acute. General Washington called for the formation of engineering schools on
several occasions. Because of his background in surveying (civil engineering), he
recognized the value of engineers and is regarded as an engineer by today’s engineering
professionals. The military academy at West point included an engineering school as
early as the 1780’s. Alden Partridge was the first person in the US to hold the title of
“Professor of Engineering.” This title was awarded in 1813 at West Point. In the years
prior to the Civil War, land expansion and the growth of railroads fueled the gradual
growth of engineers. During this period, several types of engineering schools were
established. A notable event occurred in 1849 in the evolution of engineering education.
The new president of Rensselaer Polytecnic Institute, Benjamin Green, proposed a
curriculum featuring parallel studies in the humanities, mathematics, physical sciences as
well as technical subjects. This is essentially the form of engineering education today,
quite different than the technical specialist of the past (Grayson, 1993, pp. 17-33).
Source : http://www.ndetp.org/HS/431U1T1ReadingBV.pdf
Web site link: http://www.ndetp.org/
Author : ETP 2005 – Brian Vance
Topics :
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Engineering and technology
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